This work package analyses how EU employers’ skill requirements have evolved over time and quantifies the impact of digitalisation, the green transition, demographic shifts, and globalisation on the utilisation of skills. We then proceed to assessing reskilling needs across sectors and countries, with a particular focus on firms engaged in green production and innovation. Additionally, we examine how new technologies and recent shocks to energy prices affect skills supply and demand, while controlling for the influence of trade, demography, and the pandemic. Our objective is to provide EU policymakers with insight regarding the necessary investments in reskilling to promote green industrialisation and digitalisation in Europe.
